After a little over a year in the role at the club, Jurasek will be returning to Clearlake Capital, the co-controlling owners of Chelsea.
"I am incredibly proud to have led this historic football club into its next chapter," Jurasek said.
"We have accomplished the task of building a team both on and off the pitch that means the club is well-positioned for long-term success."
During his time as chief executive, Jurasek made several decisions that were met with disapproval by Chelsea's match-going supporters, including referring to them as customers rather than fans.
He also ended a long-standing bus subsidy for away fans and implemented the first general admission season ticket price increases in over a decade.